Life Styles Inventory (LSI) Assignment

emotional state Styles Inventory (LSI) AssignmentBehavior Styles flavour Styles Inventory (LSI) Self rendering The supreme choice for leadership is unquestionably integrity. Without it, no real achievement is possible, no matter whether it is on a section gang, a football field, in an army, or in an office. Dwight D. EisenhowerIntroduction Thinking and BehaviorThe Life Styles Inventory (LSI) identifies the essential thoughts and stimulus that guide souls appearance. Often referred to as ain styles, management styles and leadership styles, these signify the essence of an individuals heart and souliveness. The musical note of my valueing and behavior contributes greatly to my work performance. Fortunately, I switch the power to change engrossless thinking and behavior, the kind that can paralyze an individuals potency. But first I need to know if what Im doing now is supporting from quality performance. The scoring reveals where I have talent, where I can grow, and where I may be able to develop even stronger skills by simply transmutation behaviors that could be holding me back (limiting style).Personal Thinking StylesBased on the Life Styles Inventory results, my primary personal thinking style is self-actualization. Self-actualization in life is very authorised to make sure you are cheery with your inner self and behaviors. This goes back to morals and how you were raised. Self-actualization allows me to everlastingly be mirthful and happy with the decisions I make in life. As a professional, qualification decisions that I will be happy with is essential. You may non always be pleased with decisions that others make, but I believe its significant to please self when it involves making personal decisions. My back-up style is achievement. Achievement is scenery goals at work and in my personal life. You must be determined, focused, goal-oriented and dedicate to talks given. For example, pursuing a Masters degree is a personal goal Im st riving to accomplish for self-satisfaction, not for others satisfaction. The style that I think might be workings against me to deoxidize your effectiveness is the utter(a)ionist style. IT can be limiting because nothing is perfect and you have to have a backup plan in case obstacles occur. universe a perfectionist can waste time and money when it comes to the workplace. In round cases perfection is needed. When pharmacists prescribe medication to patients they need to strive to provide the perfect medication for the problem because if they dont things could go wrong with the patient. in that respect are times where perfection is needed and others when youre just cachexia precious money and time.Impact On Management StyleWith the extravagantly achieving style being the second mellowed rated style on my arsenal list, it has a major impact on my management style. A high achievement style indicates I slump goals and is enthusiastic about working towards difficult but realist ic goals. In pursuit of goals and achieving high quality results, Im likely to follow a puff up-developed plan that has been considered in depth. I carefully examine my options before deciding on a plan of action. To adequately isolate these behaviors or ways of thinking and underline strengths, it is essential to understand their impact on quality of performance. As a manager I will have a positive effect on my employees. Being that the poser style is on the bottom of my totem pole, I believe that the humanistic and encouraging style will post well with the employees and contribute to a persons level of satisfaction progression at accomplishing tasks. Having the ability to work effectively with people develop well-informed relationships is a important in management.Genesis of Personal StylesSince Im able to remember, I was taught to be your own person. I was taught to always be the leader and not the follower when it comes to personal decisions. Its very important to not alw ays want to be a leader and neer want to follow in the workplace. My mother and father instilled in me to set goals and achieve those goals no matter how long it took to accomplish what you have set for yourself. As a child in the schooldays, I remember speech home all the books that I had (Math, Science, Language, etc.). If I didnt have planning in a subject, I had to read the next chapter for the next day. I thank my parents for instilling in me how important knowledge is. I march on to keep that with me after graduating from high school, second social class college, four year college and now striving for my Masters. I can truly swan that continuing my education is a major part of my life. Because of my parents teaching, Im good. Being in the church was another great thing that happened to me. A persons environment can have a major impact on their life.Conclusion and ReflectionThe underlying thoughts and motivations that guide an individuals behavior, that is personal styles, management styles and leadership styles, represent the essence of an individuals effectiveness. research has shown that the styles measured by the LSI are related to a number of indicators of effectiveness and success, including leadership effectiveness, management effectiveness, problem solving effectiveness, quality of interpersonal relations, organizational level, individual health and well being, and organizational culture.I can use what I learn to initiate positive changes in how I think and act according to the changes that increase my personal and professional effectiveness. The LSI can be used to create change through (1) identifying the unique thinking patterns that condition your current behavior (2) understanding which of your thinking patterns are effective, which arent and wherefore (3) deciding which thinking and behavior patterns you want to change (4) defining optimal ways of thinking and approaching your work, such as, setting targeted improvement goals and cre ating a precise approach to convey on change.

The Poem Death Of The Hired Man English Literature Essay

The Poem destruction Of The employ Man English Literature EssayAuthors of rimes expenditure umpteen different types of devices to swear out convey the theme of their mensurable composition. These devices can range from geomorphological or poetic devices to examples of meter. In Robert icing the pucks meter, The Death of the Hired Man, the theme of the numbers that the author is start outing to portray is the take on to set free and involve people for who they atomic number 18 before it is excessively late ice presents this to the ref through morphologic devices, poetic devices, and metrical devices.The significance of most of Robert Frosts aliveness having been spent in the New England ara is because for many of his poems but especi exclusivelyy for his poem, The Death of the Hired man, the setting is in New England (Bloom 1). Also, for the poem, The Death of the Hired Man, which is based on a mature in New England and its family, Frost uses personal survive in writing the poem because he has lived, worked, and owned a farm in New England (Bouchard 3). The significance of the setting and characters in this poem is that he presents speakers who argon marked by extraordinary severity and power (Blooms 1). The deportment history of Robert Frost is very important in helping the endorser analyze and understand the poem and the theme of the poem that the author, Robert Frost, is attempting to convey in his poem The Death of the Hired Man. The basic summary of the poem is that the important characters, warren and bloody shame, who are the owners of the farm, have a hired man who decides to lend them to find reveal paying work when the busy times start out but when work is slow, then he will return feelinging for odd jobs to earn m unmatchabley. Warren has had enough, and he is seriously contemplating with his wife what actions he should take with this man. bloody shame is a woman of an abundance more grace than her economise, and she realizes from the beginning that Silas is a dying man and that he has returned to the only internal he knows. Now bloody shame is attempting everything she can to visual aspect her hubby the better parts of Silas but correct out she realizes how hard this is she has from the beginning already conceden Silas for his former(prenominal) actions and life with wide open arms haveing him into her home and attempting her lift out to take care of him. This is what she is attempting to accomplish all passim the poem with her maintain so that he will feel the same way astir(predicate) Silas that she does before the rest of Silass very short life ends.There are many critics that have analyzed and agree that the theme that Robert Frost presents in his poem The Death of the Hired Man is that people need to be forgiven and accepted before it is in like manner late. In the critical essay by Bloom on the second page, he mentions that in the poem the briny character Warren begins t o focus in the word home and the mood of home. This continues in the conversation between the preserve and wife, Warren and bloody shame, as they subtly consider human responsibility, kinship, and justice (Bloom 2). Through this conversation, Frost uses the dialogue to psychoanalyse the social and familial fabric of a place where interaction with neighbors punctuates a potentially unbearable sense of isolation (Bloom 2). This means that Warren and Mary are having a conversation in which Mary is attempting to convince her husband to see that their farm is the only home that Silas has and that in the end he wasnt such a bad guy, so then Warren take forgive him and accept him into their home with open and pleasant arms. Also, Bloom nonices that Mary has a perspective of compassionate identification and emotional response that contrasts Warrens more rational view of fair judgment. Frost encapsulates Marys attitude in one present tense, active sentence, I sympathize (Bloom 2). The line that Bloom quotes from the poem is locate in line eighty of the poem. This representation of Mary gives imply to the allusion that Robert Frost gives in the poem and that allusion is seen in Luke 15 verses 11-32 in the give-and-take and that is the parable of the Lost Son that messiah presents. The attitude that Warren has toward the base of Silas claiming their home and their farm as his one and only home even when he has a very wealthy brother who happens to live xiii miles down the road is that he believes that Home is the place where, when you have to go in that respect, They have to take you in, and for this reason he believes that their home should not be claimed by Silas as his home for that very reason (Bloom 3). That quote is located on lines one-hundred-twenty-three and one-hundred-twenty-four. In addition, in the critical essay by Katherine Kearns argues that Mary acquires a maternal nurturing figure with Silas and that is why she forgives and accepts him mor e readily than her husband because he takes on a fatherly role and sees Silas as a son that has chosen a relatively dissolute life and not learned a single lesson or moral from him through all the years that he has employed him. This also cor bear ons with the allusion that Frost attempts to turn out in his poem because Mary shares the same role that the father in the parable does when he accepts his lost son with open and loving arms pole into his life and his home. The evidence that critics have found in the poem to tin the theme of how there is a need for people to accept and forgive others before it is too late, Robert Frost supports this more thoroughly through structural, poetic and metrical devices that come directly from the poem and he uses them specifically to help show the theme of his poem The Death of the Hired Man.There are many different poetic devices, structural devices, and metrical devices that Robert Frost uses throughout his poem to grab the readers attention to that specific point to help show the theme of the poem these along with the allusion that is present all throughout the poem, help the reader understand the authors theme. The first of these is the characterization of the main character of Mary that Frost presents in the poem. This characterization presents her as a very kind, compassionate, loving, understanding, and maternal person who cares very much for the character of Silas because of the hard life that he has lived. The reader can see this in lines one-hundred-and-fifty-five to one-hundred-sixty-one when Mary says, No, but he hurt my heart the way he lay And rolled his onetime(a) head on that sharp-edged chair-back. He wouldnt permit me put him on the lounge. You must go in and see what you can do. I made the do it up for him there to-night. Youll be surprised at him how much hes broken. His workings days are done Im sure of it. Also, the use of unrhymed iambic pentameter in the poem helps Robert Frost create a sen se of the poem appearing as a conversation between two people. This metrical device helps the reader connect with Frosts theme because the dialogue that it creates helps the reader feel like this is more of an every day problem that helps the reader relate and it helps show how hard Mary is in truth attempting to convince her husband to forgive and accept Silas before it is too late. Furthermore, in line twenty and blackjack oak when Frost says, Enough at least to buy tobacco with, habit have to beg and be beholden. Frost uses alliteration here for the manner of speaking beg and beholden to show how poor and desperate Silass life actually is and it helps the reader make the connection between Silas and that of the Lost Son in the allusion that Frost presents in the poem. In like manner, the simile that Frost presents in line seventy-five when he says, Well, those days trouble Silas like a dream. This use of a simile helps show the reader that Silas is attempting desperately to ch ange, and he wants to make this change so that he will not bilk his family any more and so that they will accept and forgive him and let him be a part of their life again. In lines eighty and 81 there is an example of foreshadowing that Frost uses when he says, I sympathize. I know just how it feels To think of the right thing to say too late. This foreshadowing shows that Warren will know this feeling because at the end of the poem after he discovers that Silas is already dead, he realizes that he requisite to tell Silas that he forgives him and accepts him before he had died but now it is too late. In addition, there is some other simile that is important when Robert Frost says, He takes it out in bunches like big birds noses. Frost uses this simile because it is another way to correlate the idea of a home with that of Silas, because a birds nest is a birds home so that is another hint to show the reader that the farm is Silass home since the hay that looks like the birds nes ts was the hay from Warrens farm. In lines one-hundred-and-four to one-hundred-and-six, there are examples of duplicate structure in the first two lines and a tricolon crescens that involves all three lines when Frost says, And nix to look backward to with pride, And aught to look forward to with hope, So now and never any different. Frost shows in these lines that unless something changes in Silass life he has accomplished nothing, he has nothing really positive in his life to look toward, and that this will never change so at this moment Mary is attempting to convince her husband to forgive and accept Silas because otherwise his life really isnt worth living(a) and because he has already lived such a hard life. The use of the parallel structure in the first two lines helps to emphasize how bad Silass life is and will be while the tricolon crescens emphasizes the fact that his life will check like this until he dies unless something changes. The imagery that Frost creates at t he end of the poem in lines one-hundred-sixty-eight to one-hundred-seventy-two not only creates an image in the readers mind, but Robert Frost also uses it to foreshadow the ending of his poem. The image describes a small cloud that looks like it may hit the moon, which it does, this little cloud symbolizes Silas where as the moon symbolizes Warren and the hitting symbolizes if Warren will ever forgive and accept Silas, when the cloud does strike the moon in the image it tells the reader that Warren finally does forgive and accept Silas. Finally, there is the allusion that Robert Frost shows throughout the total poem and that he uses to help convey the theme of the poem. This allusion is a biblical allusion that is in Luke 15 11-32, it is a parable that is called the Parable of the Lost Son, and Jesus is the one to tell it. The reason that Jesus tells this story is because it was to show that even when we as Christians stray in our faith that our Heavenly Father, God, will ever lastingly forgive us and accept us back with open loving arms. The reader can take this to an even more literal take aim and that is where the theme of the poem is realized because it also shows that we as people need to always forgive and accept others for who they are before it is too late. For this poem though Mary symbolizes the father, Warren the angry obedient son and Silas would be the foolish young son that wasted all of inheritance.Through the use of poetic devices, structural devices, and metrical devices, Robert Frost has been able to emphasize and show the many different parts of his theme throughout the poem. Also the readers are able to conclude that Frost is telling them that they need to forgive and accept anybody in their life and accept them before it is too late because you never know when you might not get the chance to ever attempt it again.

Reflection on Critical Care of COPD Patient

formulation on lively Cargon of COPD PatientFoundations of hypercritical care.IntroductionThe adopt of this essay is to present a situation in describing my experiences caring for am identify female uncomplaining, and ricocheting upon the issues which arose during one shift in a full of life business unit. The reflective analysis w sick of(p) be carried start white plague Johns model of facial expression (1995) which incorporates carpers fundamental ways of cognise. This includes aesthetic, personal, ethical and empirical cognise and re flexibility. The purpose of the animadversion is to on a lower floorstand better the ways of knowing applied to the situation, and to build upon this acquaintance to improve future practice. Case Description.The elect uncomplaining is a 59 year old female with a history of COPD and asthma. For the purposes of this essay, she will be called Jane. Jane had a severe infective irritation of COPD, which resulted in PEA Cardiac arrest i n the admission medical exam unit secondary to type 2 respiratory failure, although it was a apprize period of output loss only. Jane was intubated and transferred to the critical care unit, and since and so she has had worry being ventilated due to bronchospasm/air trapping. At the time that I took everywhere care for this long-suffering, she had been on the critical care unit, on breathing devicey support, for 12 days.Reflection (based on Johns Model and Carpers Fundamental Ways of Knowing).AESTHETIC KNOWINGAs I came on shift, the breathing mode was on BIPAP, ASB 15, chirrup 10, IE 13, FIO2 .65 via tracheostomy tube. Upon assessment at the beginning of the shift her BP one hundred ten/40, map was 60mmhg despite of noradreanline, and core temperature was 38.6 with improving markers of inflammation. The CVP had fallen to 8, nevertheless at that place was adept urine output, 45-70 mls per hour over the prior four hours, with hourly urine measurements continuing. in that respect was an intercostal drain in situ for a pneumothorax which unquestionable post subclavian line insertion. Jane was sedated on midazolam and morphine sulfate infusion. She wass as well as paralysed with Vecuronium infusion to hone ventilation, in the light of the old gruellingies. Jane was also on noradrenaline and actrapid insulin infusion, both of which aimed to maintain homeostasis. She was fed via nasogastric tube with Osmolite 60mls/hr with water 50 mls/hr, the latter beca engage her sodium aim had been rising when the ranked U+Es were reviewed. I also famed also her centerfield rate rising up to 148b/m, and was aware(p) that she had had an episode of SVT on the previous day, with a loading dose of amiodarone having been given on that day.Having noted these findings, I addressed to the Doctor that the affected role may be dehydrated and accept signifi lottly gaind unstables, perhaps an IV smooth contest, as it had been noted that her CVP was declining, that she was hypotensive, and that urine output had started to tail off . This finding was support by the fact that the patient was tachycardic. In result, the limit prescribed 500mls of Gelofusin and an amiodarone infusion for 24 hours to be restarted.The care of this patient abstruse frequent, impede observations, and these were what initially alerted me to the changes in the patients condition. The reduced central venous drive was the first indicator, which was accompanied by consistently low line of credit pressure readings. This was despite the patient being medicated with noradrenaline, which should arrest brought about an increase in kin pressure and CVP. These, accompanied by the tachycardia, made me appreciation whether the patient office be dehydrated, quite severely. The plan for the shift then became to give the patient a fluid scrap, in the form of the Gelofusin infusion, and to optimise her electrolyte levels, proctor and correct her pc02, and improve her p ositioning to improve V/Q mismatch. It was my responsiblity to report to the doctor or suck in co-ordinator if there were any untoward changes with the patients observations.There were a lot of issues contact the care of actually much(prenominal) a patient, and I believed that I was making decisions based upon previous experiences, a degree of antecedently riseed innate association, and otherwise(a) familiarity, including empirical knowledge. However, I also mat that it was hard to combine all the observations, results, care plans, orders and the like into an overall sense of the patients current condition. This leads into the next section of the reflection, that of personal knowing. ain KNOWINGThe personal knowing relates to some innate knowledge, and this is based on experience. I have in past practice previously looked aft(prenominal) patients who were haemodymically unstable and needed prompt intervention. In fact, I felt a degree of confidence with this kind of pati ent. However, this was different to having to look after a long term complicated case, a woman who had demonstrated such(prenominal) difficulty to ventilate (due to broncho- spasm/air trapping), was challenging. The fact that the patient was paralysed, with a vecuronium infusion was something entirely new to me, which caused concern and a little distress.However, from my previous experience I felt very strongly that thei patient might require fluid challenge due to the observations al make discussed. I was come to that day if it was left untreated for much longer, Jane patient might develop metabolic acidosis, and potentially acute renal failure due to hypoperfusion and hypovolemic shock due to the decrease in circulating volume. I identified this as an opportunity to be proactive, and although eachone around me seemed much than concerned with group O pressures and ventilation, I felt that it was historic to consider other aspects of the patients condition as well. ETHICAL KNO WINGEthical knowing in this case was very acute, because of the level of dependence of the patient, who was dependent on breast feeding and medical staff for every one of her activities of daily living. Addressing one of these needs that I sensed other staff may have overlook meant that I was able to be proactive. Discussing with the doctor that the patient might need a fluid challenge made me spirit that I had acted as an advocate for my patient, but also that I had made good use of the knowledge I already had, even if I did not feel I had enough specialist knowledge to address some of the patient needs. The patients social and emotional needs were also an all all-important(prenominal)(predicate) neighborhood of ethical knowing. Jane lives alone, and her sister is her next of kin. Her sister kept duty the unit for any changes, although she was already updated by the medical team every day, and talking with the sister helped to ensure that I was aware of Jane as a person, and also able to make sure that those who needed to know were involved as much as possible in her care. EMPIRICAL KNOWING.I was aware that institution of high level of PEEP in the breathing machine decreases profligate return to the boldness and cardiac output as the PEEP ventilation generates positive intrathoracic pressure. However, the symptoms persistently suggested hypovolaemia (Kelly, 2005). I was also aware of other issues, such as the need to increase oxygen pressure, but the ABG tests carried out every six hours demonstrated good oxygen pressures. However, I had to learn about the implications of ventilation on the cardiovascular system.Ventilation can profoundly alter cardiovascular function via complex, conflicting, and often opposite puzzle outes. These processes reflect the interaction between myocardial reserve, ventricular pump function, circulating broth volume, blood flow distribution, autonomic tone, endocrinologic responses, lung volume, intrathoracic pressure ( ITP), and the surrounding pressures for the remainder of the circulation. (Pinsky, 2005 p 592s).One of the most significant issues surrounding empirical knowing in this case was the need to to a lower placestand all the potential complications of having a patient in such a condition, paralysed and receiving the high levels of PEEP in order to maintain ventilation. The writings shows that there are a take of issues surrounding robotic ventilation. For example, Putenson et al 2006) submit that windup(prenominal) ventilation generates an increase in airway pressure and, therefore, an increase in intrathoracic pressure, which may decrease general and intra-abdominal organ perfusion, which may have significant effects on homeostasis an organ function. Critically ill patients can therefore develop a systemic inflammatory response that culminates in multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome and death, which suggests that the symptoms that Jane was displaying, and the findings from the el ectrolyte levels, could have been related to a to a greater extent serious bodily response to mechanical ventilation. I did not know about this possible response to mechanical ventilation, until I carried out a literature search, and so would not have been aware that the findings were maybe linked to this kind of serious response.Kollef (2004) suggests that for all patients who are intubated/ventilated, there are a number evidence-based interventions which focus on the prevention of aerodigestive tract liquidation which can result in one of the serious complications of ventilation, that of breathing apparatus-associated pneumonia. These include evasion of unnecessary antibiotics, stress ulcer prophylaxis, chlorhexidine oral rinse, selective digestive decontamination, short-course parenteral prophylactic antibiotics in high-risk patients, and the prevention of aspiration of contaminated secretions, with preferred oral intubation, appropriate intensive care unit staffing, escape of tracheal intubation with the use of mask ventilation, application of wean protocols and optimal use of sedation to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, semirecumbent positioning, minimization of gastric distension, subglottic suctioning, avoidance of ventilator circuit changes/manipulation, and routine drainage of ventilator circuit condensing (Kollef, 2004).Obviously a key element of empirical knowing for me in this situation is about the haemodynamic monitoring, which has been so important in assessing this patient (Pinsky, 2003). The literature says that ongoing and dynamic haemodynamic monitoring is important in judging the response to the treatment, including the fluid challenge (Hadian and Pinsky, 2007). Michard (2005) states that mechanical ventilation induces cyclic changes in venous blood vessel cava blood flow, pulmonary artery blood flow, and aortic blood flow. At the bedside, respiratory changes in aortic blood flow are reflected by swings in blood pres sure whose magnitude is highly dependent on volume status. ( p 419).Another element however that is very important is the administration of the fluid challenge. Fluid challenges are common in a range of treat situations (Vincent and Weil, 2006). According to Michard (2005), the expected hemodynamic response to a fluid challenge is an increase in cardiac preload and, according to the Frank-Starling mechanism, an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output (p 423). This should be evident in a blood pressure increase and a reduced heart rate. However, there is the danger of fluid overload, and therefore administering a fluid challenge must be carried out carefully.Vincent and Weil (2006) propose that fluid challenges should follow a protocol should include four variables the type of fluid administered the rate of fluid administration the critical end points and the safety limits. The choice of fluid was gelofusine, which is a colloidal fluid useful for volume replacement because of i ts unique properties (Vincent and Weil, 2006),Vincent and Weil (2006) state that using a structured approach to fluid challenges would be best, in order to correct fluid deficits and minimize the risks associated with fluid overload. It is important to monitor patient response closely (Vincent and Weil, 2006).When gelofusine was given her CVP increased and blood pressure and urine output improved. Her potassium, magnesium sulphate and Phosphate were topped up during my shift, and electrolyte levels were stable. Her heart rate went down to 110bpm since amiodarone infusion was restarted. She was on a few other medications, which potentially affect the potassium levels such as hydrocortisone, insulin actrapid infusion, salbutamol nebuliser and theophyline via NGT, which in addition can also cause arrrhythmias.REFLEXIBILITY.I learned a lot about basic nursing care activities, and in particular, the importance of time management. Time management is an important element of managing such a complex case, because it requires specific measurements, observations and recordings at specific times, whilst also managing rising issues, maintaining records, and liaison with other members of the multidisciplinary team. Good patient assessment also emerged as a key learning point, and promoting a safe working environment, particularly in relation to all the aspects of care that posed challenges, such as managing drains, lines, infusion machines, monitoring morphine as a controlled substance, and also retentivity contemporaneous records. These were all very challenging and made me feel under pressure to somehow keep juggling all the different tasks and demands, and pipe down have time to reflect and think about the overall picture. book of account keeping helped with this, but it seemed that critical care of such a patient requires the development of specific capabilities, which must mean that such multi-t enquire and multi-awareness gets easier over time.The level of vigil ance infallible in order to prefigure and be ready for any emergent changes in Janes condition was significant, and required a great deal of concentration and focus. I also learned that it was important to work with confidence and collaborate with the multidisciplinary team. However, maintaining confabulation with the team was very difficult given all the demands on my time.One of the issues here was also whether or not Jane still needed mechanical ventilation, and during this shift, there was no pa fictitious character of when or whether she would be weaned off the ventilator. As she was paralysed, there was no indication of whether or not she would be trying to breathe with the ventilator, and how good her respiratory function might be. 12 days on the ventilator is a significant amount of time, and some literature suggests that earlier weaning from ventilator support may be possible in a lot of cases (Dasta et al, 2005). However, there was no indication of this, but similarly, there was no indication that this was a palliative care case (Mularski et al, 2006).If I had had to a greater extent knowledge and understanding of this kind of nursing, and in particular, of the details and implications of Janes condition, I might have considered whether or not, as her advocate, I should be asking about the continued need for ventilation, particularly in the light of other possible approaches, such as non-invasive ventilation (Don et al, 2007). My discussions with other, more experienced members of staff, however, showed that the kinds of knowledge that most informed their care in this situation were experiential knowledge developed over a significant period of time. Therefore, it seemed to me that the empirical knowledge discusses above needed to be tempered with experience, which includes the experiences that come from working with more experienced and knowledgeable colleagues.Another issue which arose was about learning how much of my nursing practice is based upon good communication skills and developing a relationship with the patient, neither of which were useful or appropriate in this case. Although communication with ventilated patients is a focus of critical care nursing (Bergbom-Engberg, and Haljam, 1993), in this case I found it strange to work without including the patient in my care, whilst I also realised that the patient needed my advocacy more than any other, because they could not be involved or speak for themselves.However, the role of the critical care nurse in managing mechanical ventilation is something which became very apparent during this experience. The literature shows that critical care nurses have high levels of self-reliance and responsibility in relation to mechanical ventilation, and that critical care nurses were trustworthy for the majority of the decisionepisodes that resulted in a change to ventilator settings, ranging in complexity from the simple titration of FIO2 to a decision to commence weaning (Rose et al, 2007 p 440).CONCLUSIONThis reflection has looked at the care of a client in the critical care nursing sector, who, after an infective exacerbation of COPD had to have a tracheostomy and be ventilated. I identified potential markers of dehydratrion, and presented these conclusions to the doctor in charge, who prescribed regulatory medication and a fluid challenge with Gelofusine. I administered the fluid challenge, infusing at the prescribed rate of 500 mls over 2 hours, and noted an improvement in central venous pressure, blood pressure and mean arterial pressure. An improvement in hourly urine output was also noted. It was also important to monitor electrolyte balance, and arterial blood gases, all of which improved with therapeutic intervention.The care of the client highlighted a number of issues for me as a nurse. The first is the value of this kind of reflection in highlighting my knowledge and my learning processes. Gustafson and Fagerberg (2004) highlight how importan t structured reflection is to professional development, and in this case, using a structured process of reflection has highlighted my knowledge base, learning needs, learning process, and the application of nursing knowledge which is more than empirical knowledge, to a specific clinical scenario. Jones (1995) suggests that reflection is a part of the development of true nursing expertise. This has proved to be correct in relation to the learning that has occurred during this reflection. It has shown that understanding the effects of mechanical ventilation required more than simply monitoring observations and test values, but understanding that ventilation can affect cardiovascular function, and that this can be affected by haemodynamic status. Although previous knowledge and experience indicated that the patients condition was probable due to hypovolaemia (potentially secondary to dehydration), there were a number of other mechanisms that might have affected this.It also became app arent that the role of the nurse in this situation is more than to simply monitor vital signs and infusions, ventilator functions, urine output and general wellbeing, attending to the activities of daily living. When a patient is paralysed and ventilated, unconscious due to sedation, the role of the nurse is to act in their stead, in their best interests, to be their advocate and to ensure plans of care are enforced which not only meet patient needs but anticipate them. Rolfe (2005) describes reflective practice as a deconstructive process, which allows nurses to question practice and ways of working. This process has identified a range of nursing issues related to this case, and shown that cypher is a simple matter of managing one condition in critical care nursing, it is part of an overall focus on patient-centred care.ReferencesBergbom-Engberg, I. and Haljam, H. (1993) The communication process with ventilator patients in the ICU as perceived by the nursing staff. Intensive and Critical Care treat 9 (1) 40-59.Bridges, E.J. (2008) Arterial Pressure-Based calamity Volume and Functional Hemodynamic Monitoring. ledger of Cardiovascular Nursing. 23(2)105-112.This article is not include in your organizations subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organizations symmetry with Elsevier.Dasta, J.F., McLaughlin, T.P., Mody, S.H. and Piech, C.T. (2005) Daily cost of an intensive care unit day The contribution of mechanical ventilation. Critical Care Medicine. 33(6)1266-1271.Don, D.S., Wong, E., Mayers, I. et al (2007) Effects of nocturnal non-invasive mechanical ventilation on heart rate variability of patients with locomote COPD. Chest 131 156-163.Gustafsson, C. and Fagerberg, I. (2004) Reflection the way to professional development? Journal of clinical Nursing 13 271-280.Hadian, M. and Pinksy, M.R. (2007) Functional hemodynamic monitoring.Current sound judgement in Critical Care. 13(3)318-323.Jones, P.R. (1995) Hindsight bias in reflective practice an empirical investigation. Journal of advanced Nursing 21 (4) 783788.Kelley, D. (205) Hypovolemic Shock An Overview. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly. 28(1)2-19.Kollef, M.H. (2004) Prevention of hospital-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Critical Care Medicine. 32(6)1396-1405.Michard, F. (2005) Changes in arterial pressure during mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology 103 419-428.Mularski, R.A., Curtis, J.R., Billings, J.A. et al (2006) Proposed quality measures for palliative care in the critically ill A consensus from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Critical Care Workgroup.Critical Care Medicine. Improving the Quality of End-of-Life Care in the ICU. 34(11) SupplS404-S411.Pinsky, M.R. (2005) Cardiovascular Issues in respiratory Care. Chest 2005128 592-597.Pinsky, M.R. (2003) Hemodynamic monitoring in the intensive care unit Clinics in Chest Medicine 24 (4) Pages 549-560Polanco, P.M. and Pinsky, M.R. (2006) Practical Issues of Hemo dynamic Monitoring at the Bedside running(a) Clinics of North America 86 (6) 1431-1456 This article is not included in your organizations subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organizations agreement with Elsevier.Putensen, C., Wrigge, H. and Herin, R. (2006) The effects of mechanical ventilation on the gut and abdomen. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 12(2)160-165.Rolfe, G. (2005) The deconstructing angel nursing, reflection and evidence-based practice Nursing motion 12 (2), 7886.Rose, L, Nelson, S., Johnston, L. and Presneill, J.J. (2007) Decisions made by critical care nurses during mechanical ventilation andweaning in an australian intensive care unit. American Journal Of Critical Care, 16 (5) 43-54.Vincent, J-L. and Weil, M.H. (2006) Fluid challenge revisited. Critical Care Medicine. 34(5)1333-1337.

Looking At The Issues Surrounding Adoption Social Work Essay

Looking At The Issues Surrounding espousal Social Work EssayThis short study concerns my take ins in traffic with an pick knocked out(p) process user who wishes to defecate achieve with her p arnthood mother. The analyse pick outs up the case of J, a 46 year old break lady who finds out around her history of word sense after the final st organise of her espouse pargonnts. J tries to leavely puddle connectedness with her biological mother, who refuses to happen her, leaving J traumatised and franticly devastated. The case scenario is provided in the appendix to this sample and is considered as read.This reflective and analytical account concerns (a) my baffles in dealing with Js problems and necessarily, (b) my thoughts and notional seeledge of fond work scheme and practice with regard to children who are set apart up for sufferance at conduct, (c) their various horny and material challenges, and (d) the desire that is virtuallytimes manifested by t hem during various stages of their lives to establish touch sensation with their biological parents. It makes use of established hearty work theories care the attachment theory and the separation anxiety theory.I besides take up the development prevalence of the use of social networking sites by accompanyed children to establish strive with their long separated ancestry parents, and the social work mechanisms avail satisfactory in the UK to facilitate meetings between adoptive children and their parentage parents.The Challenges of espousalJ was put up for toleration at kindred and was choose by advance parents. She grew up in her foster home in the company of her siblings, who were the take in children of her surrogate parents. The fact of her acceptation was however concealed from her by her adopters. J grew up with some feelings of unease between her and her siblings and adoptive parents and suffered from low ego esteem when she was young. She also displayed some behavioural problems and found it serious to establish friendships with other children. credence is undoubtedly an in-chief(postnominal) and beneficial social process. It serves the minute needs of polar individuals (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 34). It relieves natural parents of the onerous responsibilities of bringing up children when their pot make it im workcapable for them to do so, on account of social and economic reasons. It ensures safety, security, physical and aroused nourishment, education and improved life chances for unwanted, orphan or abandoned children (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 34). It also fulfils the needs of childless couples, whizz people, and families for a child. Whilst adoption is undoubtedly an important social process, it brings along with it different types of social, economic and emotional challenges for all involved people, the child placed for adoption, the accept parents and the adopters (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 34). pick out children, numerous stu dies become revealed, are prone to the indecent consequences of attachment disorders and separation anxiety (Cassidy S harbourr, 1999, p 11). John Bowlby, healthy spot for his advancement of the attachment theory, justifys the critical importance for infants to develop secure attachments to their unproblematic care givers. Bowlby states that attachment processes between infants and caregivers are biologically based, chosen by evolution to maximise survival chances, and aim to provide infants with feelings of security (Cassidy S commitr, 1999, p 11). Such security provides infants with the foundations required to explore their milieus, with the spacious association that their caregivers leave be able and available to provide them with nurtureion in the looking at of adversity or form (Cassidy Shaver, 1999, p 11).The separation of children from their primary caregivers genuinely more than precedes in feelings of separation anxiety and the development of attachment disorders if their attachment needs are not met or resolved efficaciously (Blum, 2004, p 538). Studies on espouse children show that positively formed attachments between children and caregivers improve chances of well adjusted lives, irrespective of the biological relationships of attachment figures with children (Blum, 2004, p 538). Whilst it is known that J was put up for adoption at feature, the exact age at which she was adopted is not clear. Research shows that that children adopted after 6 months of age are at owing(p)er risk for development of attachment disorders (Blum, 2004, p 538). Such attachment disorders can lead to emotional disturbance, eating disorders, bedwetting, leave out of performance at school, difficulty in development of positive relationships, withdrawal method from society and poor life outcomes (Blum, 2004, p 538).The adoptive parents need to take special care to ensure good adjustment of their adopted children. It is important for them parents to m eet the needs of infants for love and nurturing on a consistent primer coat (Brisch, 1999, p 79). Adoption requires an active economic consumption from adoptive parents who assume the role of caregivers. As adopted infants explore their new and alien environment, adoptive parents mustinessiness provide the required guidance, supervision and structure to ensure their safety (Brisch, 1999, p 79). Caregivers must also have the capacity and ability to provide levels of excitant that do not overwhelm or stifle the infants developmental level. They must be attentive to the internal world of infants by being emotionally available to armed service them during periods of frustration, rejoice in their achievements and share their joy of exploration (Brisch, 1999, p 79).Secure attachments create positive feelings in children that relationships can be helpful, fulfilling, and valuable and provide adequate protection in an occasionally overwhelming world (Blum, 2004, p 545). Whilst secure attachments do not secure franchise from subsequent psychopathology, childhood security is certainly related to (a) increased capacities for stress have it offment and ability to rebound after periods of psychological disturbance, (b) capacity to manage family stressors, (c) increased self-esteem, (d) good peer relationships, and (e) good psychological adjustment (Blum, 2004, p 545). contemporaneous psychiatric theory states that adopted children often need alterative parenting, rather than normal domestic environments. Such parenting should be based on principles like sensitivity, responsiveness, following the lead of the child, the sharing of congruent and inter-subjective experiences and the creation of an environment of safety and security (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 2). Parents, in order to engage in such(prenominal) therapeutic parenting, require to be committed to adopted children, have reflective abilities, good insightfulness and secured mental states with respect to atta chment (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 2).With J showing evidence of emotional disturbance and behavioural problems during her childhood, it is possible that her parents, whilst providing her with a normal and secure domestic environment, did not place great emphasis in responding to her specific emotional needs. Their concealment of her adopted side is possibly an indicator of their concern for the child and their desire to protect her emotions and feelings. Contemporary psychological and social theories however recommend that children be informed of their adopted status (Hollingsworth, 1998, p 303). Such information, when provided with sensitivity and in appropriate circumstances and environmental surroundings, prevents adopted children from experiencing emotional traumatisation when they otherwise inevitably come to know of their history of adoption and helps them in adjusting to their new homes (Hollingsworth, 1998, p 303). Knowledge of birth parents is also important, both for the adoptive parents and the adopted children, in order to effectively cope with possible medical problems (Hollingsworth, 1998, p 303).J came to know about her adopted status by accident when she was 42, after the death of her adoptive parents. The knowledge left her emotionally traumatised and brought back memories of her childhood and of feelings of strain in her relationships with her adoptive parents and their birth children. It is however but fair to realise that Js parents very possibly had her best interests at heart and were also unaware of the draw nearing impact of not informing her of her adopted status.Reunion of Adopted small fryren with give up ParentsJ, on knowing of her adopted status and the name of her birth mother, became emotionally disturbed because was not informed of the facts of her adoption, or about her birth parents. Adopted children, as they grow older, often become curious about their birth parents, especially so in situations of little or no contact (A doption UK, 2010, p 1). Studies by Adoption UK, a national charity operated by adopters, reveals that all adopted children do not wish to know or contact their birth parents. Such desires are essentially personal, with some adoptees privation to know more(prenominal) and others having little interest (Adoption UK, 2010, p 1). It is however also true that people who are not interested in contacting their birth parents when they are young, change when they become older, especially after they become parents and experience desires of knowing, contacting and establishing relationships with their own birth parents (Adoption UK, 2010, p 1).The emergence of social networking sites like Facebook and My pose have made it far easier for adopted children, who wish to know more about their parents, to establish contact with their birth families (Fursland, 2010, p 1). Such availability has introduced significant complexities in the social relationships of adopted children with their adopted a nd birth parents and is creating difficult challenges for social workers when they are asked for assistance by individuals in need (Fursland, 2010, p 1).Establishment of contact between adopted children and birth parents is an extremely rude(a) issue and needs to be handled with care and sensitivity (Adoption UK, 2010, p 2). Adoption reunion can be a truly enriching and joyful experience, full of anticipation, twists and turns, joy, confusion, excitement, and fear. However reunion, like adoption, is not simple and can turn out to be a difficult, complex and sometimes saddening event (Adoption UK, 2010, p 2). Reconnecting with birth parents and children is rarely seamless and easy. It requires dedication, motivation, and a leap of faith (Adoption UK, 2010, p 2).Adoption reunions often give rise to complicated issues that have been dormant for decades and have to now be dealt with and resolved. Many birth parents may have neer have shared their childs adoption with anybody else (How e and Feast, 2000, p 57). Some birth mothers protect their secret because they are afraid of how others might or will react. For some mothers it is a matter of shame and they are instructed not to reveal their secrets to others (Howe and Feast, 2000, p 57).The National Adoption Standards for England, (Department of Health, 2001), along with the Adoption and Children Act 2002, provided birth parents in England and Wales placatement to a support worker, apart from the childs social worker, from the point of identification of the adoption plan for the child (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 4). The Standards state that birth parents (a) should be able to access different types of support function, including counselling, advice and information before and after adoption, which discover the long term implications of adoption, and (b) should be treated with transparency, fairness and regard during the adoption process (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 4).Most adopted children now have plans for leav e or indirect post-adoption contact with birth relatives. Agencies are required to reveal contact arrangements in adoption plans and consider post-adoption support requirements of all interested (Goldsmith, et al, 2004, p 4). Existing regulations like The Adoption Support Services Regulations entitle adopted children, adoptive parents, and birth relatives for need assessment regarding contact arrangements and empowerment agencies to maintain services to help such contact arrangements (Adoption UK, 2010, p 2). dowery JJ contacted us for support on making contact with her birth parents. The Adoption and Children Act of 2002 has established a framework that provides adopted people, who are more than 18 years old and their birth relatives, rights to postulate for intermediary services if they wish to make such contacts. Such intermediaries are provided by registered adoption agencies, (either voluntary or local authority), or registered adoption support agencies and act as mediators between adopted people and their birth relatives. It is recommended that people wishing to make contact with birth relatives do so through intermediaries. J was informed about the intermediary process and services that could be provided by me in mediating with her birth mother but resolved to contact her directly.When J contacted our agency and the case was assigned to me to help her with her emotional challenges and her desire to establish her birth mother, I engaged her in a long discussion in order to assess her emotional status, her views about her adopted childhood and her desire to meet her birth mother. I met her at her home on two occasions after taking foregoing appointments in order to ensure that she was prepared for the meeting and would be able to convey her thoughts better in familiar surroundings.I took care to adopt the person centred approach and deliberately avoided all judgemental feelings about her mount as a give uped and adopted child. The adoption of a per son centred approach is necessary for the true implementation of anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory approaches and I was able to understand Js emotional and mental condition with greater clarity and empathy (Mearns and Thorne, 2007, p 9). Whilst my choice of string out and close ended questions did help her in opening up and in shedding her inhibitions and reservations, I found her to be disturbed about her adopted status. She appeared to be disturbed with her adoptive parents for their concealment of information about her birth, her birth parents and her adoption, and kept talking of small incidents of her childhood about her parents and siblings. She also r about her behavioural problems, her disturbed sleep and her difficulties in making friends at school.J was however determined to establish contact with her mother and immovable to contact her as soon as she found out her contact details. I offered to act as intermediary and contact her mother in order to assess (a) her views on the relinquishment of her birth child, (b) her current emotional status and (c) her attitude towards establishing contact with J. The lady (J) was however unwilling to conceal even for a few twenty-four hourss and was convinced that her mother would like to meet her as much as she did. I did mildly explain to her that her mother could have different opinions on the issue and even offered to accelerate the process. Whilst J did provide some indication of being ready for my help at the closure of our second meeting, she subsequently changed her mind and established direct contact with her birth mother. Her birth mother, from what J told me later, was absolutely surprised at receiving the call and was taken aback by the development. She responded to Js introductory communication with gruffness and asperity, informing her that she did not wish to respond to her overture or to establish contact.I do feel that J acted with great haste and the result of the initiative could we ll have been very different with the use of an intermediary. I would have telephoned Js mother and asked for a personal meeting. I would have over again adopted a person centred approach, refrained from being judgemental, and would have engaged her in discussions about her reasons for relinquishing her birth child. I would have then lightly brought up the matter of J, her adopted childhood, the concealment of information about her adopted status, and her current emotionally disturbed condition. I do feel that such an approach would have yielded a better response from her mother than Js domineering method of establishing contact.ConclusionsThis reflective account details my experiences of dealing with an adopted service user, who tried to unsuccessfully establish contact with her birth mother. Modern day theory on social work and psychology stresses upon the complexity of adoption and the various challenges that the process brings up for the adopted children, the adopters and the birth relatives. Adopters have oddly significant responsibilities in ensuring, possibly through the use of therapeutic parenting methods, that their adopted children do not suffer from separation anxieties and do not develop attachment disorders. It is important for social workers to understand the emotional implications of these complexities and consider the emotional needs of all involved people with empathy and understanding.It is also important, as my experience with J reveals, for adoption reunion processes between adopted individuals and their birth relatives to be handled with great care and thought. I do feel that I should have been more persuasive and possibly more forthright, without being judgemental, with J on (a) the possibly very different perceptions of her birth mother towards the meeting, (b) the compulsions that forced her to relinquish her birth child for adoption and (c) her current emotional condition and social environment.Such an action would have possibly pr oduced better results at the end. My knowledge of social work theory and practice has been significantly enhanced by my experience with J and will help me to deal with such situations much better in future.Word Count 2625, without citations and bibliographyBibliographyAdoption UK, 2010, Wanting to know more or not, Available at www.adoptionuk.org/information/217131/wanting_to_know_more/ (accessed January 30, 2011).Blum, H. P., 2004, Separation-Individuation Theory and accessory Theory, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association,(52) 535-553.Bowlby, J., Parkes, C. M., 1970, Separation and loss within the family, In E. J. Anthony C. Koupernik (Eds.), The child in his family International Yearbook of Child Psychiatry and ally Professions, pp. 197-216, mod York Wiley.Bowlby, J., 1973, affixation and loss, Vol. 2 Separation, New York Basic Books.Brisch, K. H., 1999, Treating attachment disorders, New York Guilford Press.Cassidy, J., Shaver, P. R., 1999, Handbook of attach ment Theory, research, and clinical applications. New York Guilford.Feast, J., Howe, D., 1997, Adopted adults who search for background information and contact with birth relatives, Adoption Fostering 212, pp 8-15.Fursland, E., 2010, Facebook has changed adoption forever, www.guardian.co.uk, Available at www.guardian.co.uk//19/facebook-adoption-tracing-birth-mother (accessed January 30, 2011).Goldsmith, F. D., Oppenheim, D., Wanlass, J., 2004, Separation and Reunification Using Attachment Theory and Research to Inform Decisions Affecting the Placements of Children in Foster Care, new and Family Court Journal, pp. 1-12.Hollingsworth, L., 1998, Adoptee dissimilarity from the adoptive family clinical practice and research implications, Child Adolescent Social Work Journal 15, (4) pp 303-19.Howe, D., Feast, J., 2000, Adoption, Search and Reunion The long-term experience of adopted adults, capital of the United Kingdom The Childrens Society.Mearns, D., Thorne, B., 2007, Person-Ce ntred Counselling in Action, 3rd edition, London Sage Publications.Levant, F. R., Shlien, M. J., 1987, Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach New Directions in Theory, Research, and Practice, USA Praeger Paperback.Appendices

Problems with Cheap Food

Problems with Cheap regimen for thoughtCasey Vorfa nutrient fight Worldviews on nourishment production and consumptionCheap viands Is Simply UnaffordableDuring the past few decades, the Food industrys productivity levels shake off skyrocketed and our provender body is now able to conjure up Brobdingnagian quantities of nourishment in very short time spans. Furthermore, these products ar sold at exceedingly low tolls in order to attract consumers. At first glint this seems like an ideal fodder dust and unfortunately things arent as they seem. Producing unlimited kernels of cheap, processed regimen actu every last(predicate)y costs a traffic circle of expertness and has denigratory effects on the environment, animals and our own health . Therefore, finding new sustainable representations of producing food remains crucial.First of all it is classic to understand how the food industry man get along withs to sell its products at oft(prenominal) an irresistible price. The reason is simple. All with child(p) food companies have unrivaled iodin goal maximizing their profit. In order to do so, they fatality to make sure that they produce and sell as much as assertable in a very short period of time. In order to increase their yield companies use advanced applied science and an affright amounts of resources such as pesticides, herbicides, fossil fuel and gamboge. In particular corn is of great importance, it is utilize as a preserving agent and to a fault as food to cattle. More than 12 billion b.u of corn are produced annually(1). Furthermore, with fossil fuel levels running low, corn is turned into ethanol and later apply as fuel. The food companies rotter sell us their products at such cheap prices because the corn that they buy and use doesnt cost them a thing. The price of corn is being maintained at low levels in an false way. Over the past decade the US Federal Government has washed- emerge more than 50 billion dollar bills into the corn industry(2). This is the why unprocessed constituent(a) foods are so much more expensive. A study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that a dollar could buy 1200 calories of potato chips or 875 calories of soda that just 250 calories of ve occupyables or 170 calories of fresh fruit (3). In a few words, the volumed food companies have been receiving financial support by the government. No extol unprocessed foods are much more expensive and unaffordable. They havent been receiving any kingly treatment.One of the main flaws of our food production system is that it is very verve-intense. The food industry is heavily dependent on the use of oil and fossil fuels. In order to increase their output food industries use diesel powered tractors, irrigation pumps, pesticides and herbicides made of natural gas and petroleum. In fact, in the U.S active 10 percent of the energy budget goes to producing, distributing, processing, preparing and preserving the plant and animal social function we consume (4). However, the amount of food that is produced is much smaller than the amount of energy used to produce it. For instance, the U.S expends roughly ten units of fossil energy to produce angiotensin- shifting enzyme unit of food energy (5). Thus, if companies are already producing vainglorious amounts of food an unimaginable amount of energy is used to make it. It seems that the large food companies are ignoring the energy crisis we are in. For decades industries have been exploiting Earths natural resources as if these resources were to last forever and the food industry has been no exception. Considering the fact that the global population is increasing and that we are running out of fossil fuels we will no longer be able to match the increasing demand.The demand for meat and poultry is expected to increase by 25 percent by 2015 (6). In addition, the price of oil and other fossil fuels will also increase. Hence, the current fo od production system is unsustainable and will eventually collapse.Not only is our current food system very energy demanding but it also indemnification our ecosystems and harms animals. As one of the main energy consumers the food industry is also one of the major(ip) irrigate, air and lubricating oil maculaters. Burning fossil fuels create greenhouse gases which yield to global warming. Intensive farming requires large amounts of chemical fertilizers. In American farms more than 10 million tons of fertilizers are being used for corn alone. 23 million for all crops (7). All these chemicals end up in rivers, lakes or in seas contributing to water befoulment, soil taint and in what we call dead zones .Dead Zones are areas of approximately 6000 -sq-mi area which claim no oxygen, killing all forms of sea life. There are more or little 400 dead zones and these dead zones cause the fishing industry to lag 212 000 tons of seafood a year (8). But our food system does non only po llute our get by releasing chemicals. Our ecosystem is also modify by the large amount of manure our system releases. One crap can produce four times more waste than homo (9). Considering the number of pigs and other livestock we can definitely say that a tremendous amount of waste is produced. All of this waste is thrown into titan pits called lagoons. These lagoons contain so much waste that they become toxic and they are one of the main causes of pollution in the United tells (10). They also pollute the land with heavy metals like cadmium, selenium, zinc, copper and arsenic(11). Furthermore, industrial cultivation also contributes in soil erosion and the loss of biodiversity. Monoculture crops are vast spaces of land where only one type of plant grows. These crops create an ecological vacancy that insects take advantage which reduces the quality of soil (12). These crops also reduce biodiversity which damages the food chain. But the degradation of animal life doesnt end there. Because the food industry wants to make us much profit as possible thousands of animals are crammed together in small contracted areas where they never get to see sunlight. Apparently, for large companies animal welfare and our environment are much less important than making profit.Most importantly cheap food has also affected consumers health in a variety of controvert ways . Processed foods are low in nutrients, advanced in salt, sugar and fat. Moreover, three-fourth of the world food barters involve processed foods which heart cheap food has reached almost every country. Different studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between consuming cheap foods and the chances of create different types of diseases. Since the late 1970s, obesity rates have more than bivalent among children 6 to 11 of age and more than tripled among those 12 to 19 of age (13). Products like SSBs (sugar sweetened beverages) are major contributors to childhood obesity, as swell as to long term weight gain, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (14). Furthermore, the chemicals and hormones that are added in our food also cause health issues. danish pastry Scientists have proven that hormone residues in beef are cerebrate to high rates of breast and prostate cancer, as well as early onset puberty in girls(15). Moreover, all the waste and pollution that is caused by our food production system doesnt only affect animals but it affects our health as well. For instance, livestock manure pollutes the air with hydrogen sulfide which is linked to respiratory and neurological diseases (16). Hence, cheap food comes with very high costs to our health.Our current food system has many drawbacks, therefore it is important that we find new sustainable ways of producing food. First of all we posses technology that could decrease pollution and spare resources. Anaerobic digesters and micro turbines can convert manure into renewable, low-carbon biogas-fired electricity. Ca rbon dioxide could be used to grow algae for food and algae could easily be converted into bio-fuels. In addition, drip irrigation seems promising. throw off irrigation consists of underground tubes that deliver water directly to a plants roots. Researchers at Iowa State University estimate that corn farmers would use 40 percent less water and lower their energy bills by 15 percent with drip irrigation (17). No-till agriculture is yet an other promising option. This method involves planting seeds without turning the soil which reduces soil disturbance. Argentina already uses this advanced technique for more than fractional of its farms. Even though these methods are very helpful there is a lot more to be done. For the past decades large food companies have driven farmers off the land. In fact, nine out of ten fuzz farmers have left the business since 1979 (18). With unemployment levels getting higher by the day returning to the old way of farming might be a solution. Although it may seem that local farmers dont stand a chance towards the large food companies that is non necessarily true. If we support local farmers and the local food movement we are playing our part into stopping the food industrys harmful practices. Furthermore, companies like Niman Ranch have created networks of small scale farmers who only sale natural meat to restaurants (19). Other companies like Bon Appetit encourage their costumers to make environmental friendly choices. Our behavior as consumers also has a large tinge on the energy ratio. Even though we might not pull ahead it, our every day choices do have an influence on the amount of energy that is being used. Our diets one of them. If we eat meat every single day the amount of fossil fuels used is a lot greater than if we ate grain everyday. Meat is four times as energy demanding as grains are. That doesnt necessarily mean that we should eat grains everyday but reducing our meat consumption and eating more foods that are less energy demanding does have a large impact. Restaurant owners might make up to sell in smaller proportions and keep the leftovers. Moreover, maybe we should bring forward twice before going to eat at buffets. As consumers we should also think about not wasting our own food and not purchase more than we need. The USDA estimates that Americans throw out 14 percent of the food that they buy which results in the waste of large amounts of resources (20). Thus our decisions as consumers can have large impacts on the food system.In conclusion, our society scarcely cannot afford cheap food. Our current food production system is not only highly inefficient but also harms our planet, animals and our own health. luckily for us it is not too late to change things. The use of ripe technology to manage waste, supporting local farmers and Eco-friendly products are only just about of the few ways to create a new sustainable way of producing food.References(1),(2),(3), (6),(7),(8),(19),(20) Walsh, Bryan, Getting Real About High Price of Cheap Food , Time in Partnership with CNN, August 21, 2009(4),(5)(9),(16)(17) Webber, Michael E., More Food less(prenominal) Energy, Scientific American, January 2012(10),(11) (15),(16)(18) Schloser, Eric Cheap Food Nation Siera, November/December 2006 Kaplan, David, Food cyclopaedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy Nestle, Marion Food Marketing and Childhood fleshiness The New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, June 15 2006. Stuckler, David and Nestle Marion, Big Food, Food Systems and world(prenominal) Health Plos Medicine, Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2012

Online Courses vs In-Classroom Courses Essays -- Online Education vs.

The profits has revolutionized the expressive style in which children, teenagers, and young adults atomic number 18 educated. The internet greatly impacts not only the field of education but every aspect of society. Tamar Lewin comments, those ages 8 to 18 spend more than vii and a half hours a day connected to the Internet (Lewin, A1). To that end, the Internet is prevalent in many homes throughout the world and continues to impact the way in which people are educated both in the classroom and even at home where a student performs homework. The impact of the Internet becomes evident, when one(a) begins to examine similarities and differences between the slew of contemporary online courses compared to the stuffy in-class bugger off. darn it is true that one go out find that both the online course and conventional in-class experience provide teachers that instruct their students on the subject matter, one will still find a vast array of differences between the both modes of education. Arguably one of the most glaring differences between the modern online aloofness educational learning method and the traditional classroom setting, is the lack of in the flesh(predicate) attention that the teacher can convey to the student. For instance, online instructors relay information entirely through online exercises such as planned web posts and scheduled modules that one must perform over the Internet. In contrast, in the classroom experience a student is afforded the opportunity to interact one-on-one with the teacher. Furthermore, the traditional method of instruction typically empowers each person with the ability to sit in a classroom and yet excel at their own pace. loyalty be told, a number of Internet classes offer an option to assay online and interact with the teacher af... ...mar. If Your Kids Are Awake, Theyre Probably Online. The tonic York Times. The New York Times, 20 Jan. 2010 A1. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. .Bartha, Christina, MSW, et al. Depress ive Illness. Depressive Illness (1999) 14. Web. 8 Apr. 2014. Grano, Vivian. An Investigation of the Effectiveness of personal Attention by Reading Teachers Upon Students Attendance an Academic Achievement. (1976) Abstract. Web. 10 Apr. 2014. http//eric.ed.gov/?id=ED126482Parsad, B., and Lewis, L. (2008). keep didactics at Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions. 3. Print. 2006-07 (NCES 2009-044). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Education. Washington, D.C.

Prejudice- Right or Wrong? :: Free Essay Writer

Prejudice- Right or Wrong?Prejudice and racism are ii major issues that many people have todeal with in their lifetime. It fanny effect many diametric people inmany different ways. Various thoughts and feelings are put downn in thenovel To Kill A mocker by Harper Lee, which shows a small hardly a very(prenominal) racist town towards coloured people. In the book they convict ablack, tom Robinson, of doing something we know he didnt do but thiswas pile to a white jury.The book shows and puts across the true way in which the world works.It shows real life situations that any of us could be in, for vitrinethe Tom Robinson case. Many of the characters are realistic in the waythey pit to Atticus supporting the blacks and the way theydiscriminate them as many people, stock-still today, have d wholeness the same. Thecharacters Jem and Scout, put forward the childs organize of view. Thisview, however is still quite bigoted. The reason being is that theycome from a background who ha ve lived with a black and have never reason them in any way. So they believe, due to Atticus fightingthe case, that Tom Robinson is innocent and also try to take it intotheir own hands, by by-line Atticus down to the jail house one nightfor example, which not all people would do as everyone has their ownopinion but this is a very good point in the book to show the way inwhich people react and live with the situation.Racism has been a steady problem all through time. One of the most hard areas of racism is in places of education. Finding a curefor this would be a major step towards ending racism in general. Noone has ever thought of a solution yet, so racism leave be as strongfor as long as at that place isnt one. For example, In the 1960s, theregulator of Alabama, George Wallace, was a militant supporter ofsegregation. In 1963 twain blacks, Vivian Jones and James Hood, soughtadmission to the traditionally segregated University of Alabama.According to jurisprudence at the time, they had every right to gothere but since the governor was so anti-black and pro segregation,he didnt like it one bit. As the both black students prepared to enterthe college, George Wallace stood in the doorway blocking their way,addressing the film for segregation. He refused to move, so thenational guard was called in to restore put up and admit Jones and Hoodto the University of Alabama. This was an important moment in black

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good flush e really whiz. My name is Toyota Moko, and I am an internationalist student from japan. As the first-ever international student converseer on commencement, I am very honour to be here tonight to be given this opportunity to speak on behalf of the graduating class of the 2003. Born and grew up in Tokyo where speak English was absolutely absent in my eighteen years of life, one day the life-changing experience came to me. When I was fifteen-years-old, the summer of 1998, I came to America for the very first time for the home stay program through my luxuriously school. The three calendar weeks I spent in Snohomish have brought me a wondrous encounter with my American family. John, Margo and Jennifer food puzzle outer have truly become my hour family away from home. Despite the fact that I was a stranger from Japan, the turner family treated me as if I was a part of their family, even though I had spoken broken English. During these three weeks, I was exposed to ma ny another(prenominal) cultural differences between America and Japan, and I was especially moved by the American people and its society where one is able to not merely accept, but mutually respect and honor multicultural background and heritage. access from homogeneous country of Japan, this to me was a very fresh insight, and I tranquil remember how it struck me. After I came back to Japan, I kept in touch with my American family via e-mail. And they invited me to stay with them if I were to study at the college. I spent years preparing for my study abroad, and with the great help of the Turner family, Ms. Joy Fitzpatrick who is the international student program coordinator, and my parents, I entered America as an international student on March 11, 2001, only one week after my high school graduation in Japa... ...y just a couple of(prenominal) weeks ago on May 17. My grandfather was full of ambition and trade for his family, and he especially loved me as his granddaughter. I was able to bring this speech because I do believe that my grandfather will be sitting in the first row and listening to my speech at this very moment. He kept his promise to be alive until I have become twenty years old, so it is now my turn to promise him to carry on his spirit and all the knowledge and learning he had taught me. And more than anybody else, this honor goes to my dearest Turner family and my parents and family in Japan for making it possible for me to experience this incredibly astounding journey in America. Congratulations class of 2012 From the bottom of my heart, I wish all of you a shining future Thank you for having me this special moment. Arigatougozaimasita (Japanese Thank you very much.)

Garry Winogrand Essay -- Essays Papers

Garry WinograndGary Winogrands photography career began when a friend introduced him to it in 1948 while taking word picture classes at capital of South Carolina University. After Winogrands first exposure to the darkroom, he abandoned painting and never looked back. Winogrand became extremely emerged in photography and felt up that nothing else in life mattered. He dropped out of college to pursue his passion. Earning an average of ninety cents per week, he had a difficult yet determined beginning. Winogrand did not concern himself with issues that were touch society and therefore did not always appeal to the mass public. Winogrands long and successfully debatable career experienced many turns and obstructer that ultimately led him to become one of the most noted photographers of the hot-fashioned twentieth century.Winogrand discovered photography at a point in time when unconventional photos were just beginning to emerge. Although it was thought that photojournalism had offered the most opportunity, this new and unconventional direction of photography was preferred. Artists were now able to shoot what they desire not what they were told to shoot. This revolutionary form of photography was based on emotion and intuition as opposed to precision and description. Exploring real life became to a greater extent of the focus, instead of calculated or planned out pictures. In the primaeval fifties, Winogrand attempted to become a freelance photographer, but the money he was making was not sufficient enough to support his new married muliebrity and children. He was forced to spend most of his time molding for magazines much(prenominal) as Colliers, Redbook, and Sports Illustrated. At this time Winogrands photos had no distinction from any other photojournalist, but he always felt different and waited for the chance to prove it. He once said, The best stories were those that had no story lineon entertainersor athletic contests, where the photo grapher could allow for narrative and concentrate on movement, flesh, gesture, display, and human faces(Szarkowski, p17). By the early sixties, Winogrands marriage was beginning to fail. He became frustrated with his wife Adrienne because she would not burn her interest in becoming a dancer and go to work to support his desire to become a photographer. It was during time that Gary became extremely heedless with photographing women on the streets of N... ...ich kind of shoes, handbags, sunglasses, and hairstyles were most popular. The actions, gestures, and thoughts of these people both say and allude many things. The black man and white woman on the go forth seem to be engaged in a conversation. The white woman academic term next to her might be whispering about the detail that the other woman is talking to a black man, which could further take that this action of conversing outside of ones race was not normally accepted. The older man on the right may not b e interested in futuristic ideas, preferring more conservative items such as a newspaper. Although each figure is involved in something different, their actions seem to stool a connection to one another. Winogrand shot a wide come across of this scene, but still managed to capture an intimate portrayal of each person. on that point are numerous possible stories and questions about each person sitting on the bench. Winogrand makes the viewers ponder over each expression and interaction, having them wish they were sitting on the bench, eavesdropping on the subjects. Bibliography Szarkowski, John. Winogrand Figments From The Real World. New York The Museum of Modern Art, 1988.

Advertisers Strategies to Target Gay Audiences in Attitude and Gay Times :: essays research papers fc

I have decided to spilt the following hear into 4 sections, the first three concern different raises and the final ane is a discussion of sprightly bring upising in general. The first advert I shall be looking at is "Couvette Duvet Cover" from intrepid Times, Issue March 2000, page 67. This is a written text, as removed as the author is awargon this text does not appear in any early(a) medium. The text was found whilst looking for adverts specifically aimed at gay men. I decided to analyse this text as it appears to be unusual in that no people appear in the advert, ordinarily in gay advertising as with other genres at least one person or maybe more are used.The advert that the author is undertaking analysis of is one among many copies that are distributed in magazines (specifically gay) and may well appear in poster form as well. This influences my interpretation as the advertisers aim to reach a wide audience, not only those who are reading the magazine. The adver t is indexical in representation. The of import signifiers in the text are the colours of the Duvet, they are the colours of gay pride, this is not usually known by people impertinent of the genre. Therefore the advertiser has placed in the boxful the text " blow% human being", so that there can be no uncertainness as to whom the text is aimed at. The Duvet is also for a double bed, this is all important(predicate) as it implies a couple. As does the fact there are cluttered around the small section of room we see a filling of items in pairs. Examples are, the two pairs of trousers, the two organisers, two tables and two bent lamps on the table on the right hand side of the picture.An important psyche to consider is also the lack of a carpet, the implication here is the adorn being easier to keep clean than a carpet, although there is a corner of a reed mat showing. The picture gives a impression of a room that is serene, peaceful, secure and relaxed, the person who inhabits the room is relaxed about being Gay (shown by the Duvet cover). The advertiser is trying to sell this image to the consumer. Although the signs are primarily directed at people who are gay and on the scene it is possible that the signs will also make sense to other readers who are not connected to it (although perhaps not the significance of the colours).

Crime and Punishment :: essays research papers fc

The Websters Dictionary defines debasement as a f in all from higher to lower rank ordegree(Websters, 205). Fyodor Dostoyevsky illustrates degradation of morals for several extensions in Crime and Punishment. He tie in the quality of specie or lack thereof to thetheir moral degradation to design complex characters. Dostoyevsky draws a picture of federation that is similar to the society depicted in Victor Hugos Les Miserables. The poorbecome avaricious and the rich become greedier. And, good moral decision making disregard be commodiously overpowered by the need or want of to a greater extent money. The degradation of society and lack of money cause Raskolnikov to kill the prehensilepawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna and her sister Lizaveta. Raskolnikov believes that killingthem for their money will be a great conquest for himself and society. After fighting withhimself ab turn up whether or not he should commit the iniquity, he overhears someone talkingabout the same plan.Hundreds, mayhap thousands of lives could be put on the right path, dozens offamilies rescued from poverty, from ruin, from collapse, from decay, from venerealwards of the hospitals-- all this with her money Kill her, take her money, dedicateit to serving mankind, to the world-wide welfare. Well --what do you think -- isntthis petty little crime effaced by thousands of good deeds? (63, part 1)Raskolnikov decides he must go against his good judgment and commit murder for thegood of society and himself. Dostoyevsky likewise takes the character of Raskolnikov to the opposite extreme. After his mother sends him money, he uses it to help out the Marmeladov family in an actof pure charity. He comes across Marmeladov injured by a carriage and without hesitationoffers to help.I know him and he pushed all the way forward. Its the clerk, the retired titularcouncilor, Marmeladov He lives near here, in Kozels house....Somebody get a doctor Ill pay. Here he fished money out of his pocket and showed it to thepoliceman. (170, part 2)Dostoyevsky is showing how Raskolnikovs decision making is effected by money or lackthereof.Svidrigailov is a character who was poor and in jail. He was bought by MarfaPerovna and lived a good manner off of her money. Unlike Raskolnikov, Svidrigailovs moraldegradation becomes worse with his amplification of wealth. He cheats on his wife, causingher to eventually kill herself, and gets a 15 year old pregnant. He then admits toRaskolnikov that he was in applaud with his sister, Dunya, but now just wants to sleep withher. Secondly, I fancy you wint refuse me a little help in a certain project of mine that

Physics of Baseball Essay -- physics sport sports baseball

Ever wonder why a curve egg curves? Or why a jactitate breaks when it hits the hunk? Or how exactly a homerun is hit? Here you pull up stakes find the answers to these questions. I will discuss a brief narration of secondaryball, forces that are applied in baseball, the curve ball, and what exactly happens when the ball meets the skim off. In the early days of the history of baseball there were several variations of the gage known as Rounders, but the game had no set of formal rules. This game of Rounders eventually led to a game known as Town Ball and then to the game we now know as baseball.In 1845, a man known as Alexander Cartwright was smell for close to recreation with a group of friends. They began to play a stochastic variable of Rounders, but Cartwright added some new rules to the game. He began to give the game some order and precision. He made the decision that the bases should be set at 90 feet apart and that they should be in a diamond formation. He also refractory that there should be 9 players on severally squad and devised the positioning that is still used today. Cartwright decided that each team would get three outs and then switch sides. He also decided that a 90 degree angle should be used to check off if a ball was playable. This is where we got the foul ball. The beginning of baseball had begun.The first nonionic baseball game was between two rival clubs that took indue on June 19, 1846 at Elysian Field in Hoboken, New Jersey. The game took place between the Knickerbocker club from New York City and the New York order. The New York Nine won the game.Eventually other people caught onto this sport and clubs all everywhere formed teams that would play against each other. The game spread across the country and became known as the New York game. Lat... ...ns are caused and more energy goes into the ball causing it go a further distance.When the ball hits the bat the bat recoils. If the bat recoils then energy is lost in to making the ball go further then it would have. Having a heavier bat causes less recoil. Why non have a really heavy bat? Because you need to swing over the bat and a faster bat speed causes the ball to go farther.What makes it go so far? Basically it is the speed of the bat. The speed of the ball is a factor as healthful but not as much as the speed of the bat. The weight distribution as well as the weight of the bat matters. The heavier the bat the more bounciness the ball will have, also known as the Coefficient Of Restitution (COR). The COR of a base ball is measured at .5. This means that if you were to drop that ball on a hard surface the ball would bounce back up the distance it left at.

Cable Television Essays -- Technology Media Papers

cable television TelevisionThe word technology has meant a number of different things passim the span of conviction and culture. From the beginning of the st hotshot tablet to the introduction of net there has been technology something that has enhance our literacy and improved our detail of life and knowledge. The reading of the personal computer seems to be somewhat elementary to in all of give now. Technology has make its way into our homes and is continuing to make our lives interactive with those slightly the world.?Before the advent of the PC, the television and satellites brought the world into the living rooms of many another(prenominal) homes Pictures of life beyond the boundaries of ones own community or neighborhood were made accessible every night through local broadcasting and at long last cable television. Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi find that, Today, the thing hundreds of millions of humans most have in common with one another, aside from their humanity, is te levision. It has become our cultures prevailing form of leisure and its most powerful means of mass communication. In four short decades it has become the primary channel for the information that we carry on as a nation and as a world (24). The intention of cable television is not something that seems that entirely revolutionary to us all now. It is the one thing that most Americans relax to every night and step to every morning to find out the weather for the day. It is said, one triad of waking time that is free, the single activity that clearly absorbs the most time in modern societies is watching television (Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi 12).TARGET TECHNOLOGY line of merchandise TELEVISIONDescription?This page will discuss and explore the implications of one of the greatest technologies ... ...EPRI_Journal/jan_feb97/telecom.html.MCM Telecom selects Lucent Technologies to Build Broadband Local interlocking in Mexico. Online. Internet. 12 Apr 1999. Available. http//wwwlucent .com/press/1098/981015.nsb.html.National argument Television Association. Online. Internet. 12 Apr 1999. Available. http//www.ncta.com.Ragdoll. Online. Internet. 12 Apr 1999. Available. http//www.ragdoll.it/10fpen.htm.Segal, Sheryl. Telecommunications Act of 1996. 25 Sep 1998. Online. Internet. 12 Apr 1999.Available. http//www.fcc.gov/telecom.html.Schaeffer, Lee. Western dad Television and Video Teachers Consortium. 1 Jan 1999. Online. Internet. 12 Apr 1999. Available. http//www.nb.net/schaefer/tvt.html.Telewest and NCI Announce Plans For Interactive Cable Television. Online. Internet. 12 Apr 1999. Available. http//wwwnavio.com/news/releases/telewest.html.

Directing Romeo and Juliet: Act 2 Scene 2 Essay -- Drama

Directing Romeo and Juliet Act 2 Scene 2I am going to direct act 2 stroke 2 from the play Romeo and Julietwritten by William Shakespeare. The photo is likewise know as the balconyscene. During this scene Romeo is looking up at Juliet on the balconytalking about love. The scene is going to be set in as historicalenvironment the 16th century in Verona. Therefore the costumes shallalso reflect this era. Juliet go away be in her in nightdress (1) andRomeo will be in a party costume (2). This is beca commit he has conscionable beenat the Caplets party.From the previous scene we know that there is a strife between theCapulets and the Montagues. Romeo is a member of the Montagues andJuliet is a member of the capulets. Romeo had been convinced to go tothe party by his cousin Benvolio and his friend Mercutio. During theparty Tybalt wants to hit Romeo tho Lord Capulet doesnt let him. Thisshows the conflict.I will be using a thrust stage. The balcony will be placed on the left respite of the stage. There will be trees and colourful flowerssurrounding the balcony. As this scene is set in the 16th centuryJuliet will be unsuspecting of her rights as a women.The theme of the scene is love. Both Romeo and Juliet are expressingtheir feelings for each(prenominal) other. The relationship between Romeo andJuliet is very passionate, which will be conveyed though the use oflanguage, their facial expression and body language. They will speakdirect from Shakespheres text. In t...

The Effects of Aristotelian Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanisti

The Effects of Aristotelean Teleological Thought on Darwins Mechanistic Views of Evolution     The need to take care organisms has been a much sought goal ofscience since its birth as biology. History shows Aristotle and Charles Darwinas two of the most powerful biologists of all time. Aristotles teleologicalmethod was supported widely for over 2,000 years. One scientist remarks thatthe Aristotelian teleology "has been the ghost, the undetermined mystery whichhas haunted biology through its whole history" (Ayala, 10). If Aristotles nest has frightened biology, then Darwin, who actually nicknamed himselfthe "Devils Chaplain," and his idea of natural selection has or so dissectedAristotles ghost. While Aristotle explained biology through a plan and apurpose, Darwin debated that randomness and chaos are responsible for theorganic world as we know it. Guiseppe Montalenti, an Italian geneticist andphilosopher of biology, wrote that Darwins ideas we re a rebellion againstthought in the Aristotelian-scholastic authority (Ayala, 4). In order tounderstand how Darwinism can be considered a repel against Aristotle, we mustfirst inspect Aristotles ideas and thoughts about biology.Aristotle used teleology to explain the concord and final results of theearth. Teleology is the study of the purpose of nature. Aristotle believedthat scientists should follow the plan adopted by mathematicians in theirdemonstrations of astronomy, and after weighing the phenomena presented byanimals, and their several parts, follow consequently to understand the causesand the end results. Using this method, Aristotle constructed causes for bodyparts and processes of the human body, such(prenominal) as sundry types of teeth.Aristotle elucidated on this topic "When we have ascertained the things cosmea we inquire as to its naturewhen we know the fact we ask the precedent"(Evans, 82).     Despite Aristotles frequent teleological explanations, he did warnagainst teleology leading to misinterpretations of facts. In a short writing onthe reproduction of bees in times of Animals, Aristotle was troubled thatthere were insufficient observations on the subject, and warns that his theoryis dependent on facts supporting the theory. One twentieth century biologist... ... to describe evolutionteleologically. This proof, of course, is not possible, as evolution throughnatural selection cannot be set forth as goal-oriented since it happens due toprevious events or transformations, not in prognostication of coming events. If wewere goal-oriented, natural selection would not be supple luxuriant to be useful inrapidly changing environments (Mayr, 43).ReferencesAristotle. The Works of Aristotle, cyclopedia Britannica. New York, 1952Ayala, F.J. and Tobzharsky, T. Studies in the doctrine of Biology.University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles. 1974.Burrow, John. Editor introduction to Charles Darwins rail l ine of the SpeciesPenguin books. England, 1968.Evans, G. The Physical Philosophy of Aristotle. University of New MexicoPress. Albuquerque, 1964.Kirk, G., Raven, J. and Schofield, M. The Presocratic Philosophers. CambridgeUniversity Press. Cambridge. 1983.Mayr, Ernst. Toward a New Philosophy of Biology. Harvard University Press.1988.Moore, Ruth. Evolution. Time-life books. Alexandria, Virginia. 1980.Simpson, George The Meaning of Evolution. Yale University Press. New Havenand London. 1949.

Violence in the Media is Not to Blame for the Effect on Children Essay

The Effect of fierceness in the Media on Children Television, movies, and painting p smoke of grounds are a big part of childrens lives in todays technologically advanced society. However, there is a big controversy questioning the personal effects of these media outlets on children. Much of society claims to have proof for the belief that media power affects children negatively. However, I am skeptical of the evidence that is stated to prove that claim. I feel that society has placed the blame on these mediums for the carmine acts, as yet serious or trivial, that children commit way too soft, before they until now begin to examine the parenting of todays society. Television, movies, and video games are not the primary causes for acts of violence and otherwise crimes committed by kids. They are whole singled out due to the violent images and plots that they depict which leads one to believe that since children suck these violent scenes they go away imitate unconditionally for lack of better judgment. When a kid commits a violent act, the crime is often blamed on the idiot box program that the child watched, the movies the child saw, or the video game the child honorable played. But if one were to actually go somewhat censoring television shows, cartoons should be censored first. People will come forth trying to stop kids from viewing violent images such as shows exchangeable the Power Rangers or The Ninja Turtles. I do not think that shows manage this should be censored so a kid cant watch them. I think that by censoring the images it will just make kids want to inflict them more. Kids are attracted to violence and if they cant view it on television or in movies, they will easily see it outside when they play at the playground or something. flushed television, movies and especially video games offer a way for kids to see what violence is without actually committing any crimes or hurting anyone. Before humans could see or engage in virtual v iolence, we watched or committed realistic violent acts. Take, for example, the ancient acts of the Romans. They would watch gladiators fight and kill each other before they could find their violent entertainment in television. Most state wont admit that they like violence in television, movies, and video games, but I think that they offer a way to see the violence without actually hurting anyone. If we censor or ban it, we will be forced to find our violence elsew... ... is engulfed with opinion and restrictions on studies that are looking for a single answer, in most cases one that points the hitchhike at violent media. But, if we can properly make parents and people aware with good information, we can start paying attention to the real problems, sooner than television, movies, or video games. Our society would become much better boilers suit as well. People are quick to blame violence in our society on television, movies, or video games because they are simple and delicate targets. I think we have to stop looking at television for the cause of kids and violence and attack the real causes for the violence in our society. Violence in television, or movie, or video game will not make a kid kill someone else. A lot of kids watch violent images all the time, and scarce a very menial percentage of them actually commit violent crimes. In conclusion, violence on television, movies, and video games is not the real problem. The problem is that we wrongfully blame these media sources for violent crimes and if we can get rid of this theory on this issue, then and only then do I believe that we can start understand the real problems of kids and violence in our society.