NPV method

This report foc workouts on three Important areas of financial watchfulness namely Capital structure, Management of Working Capital and enthronement appraisal. firearm the flirt two bulges of the report depth psychology Apples activities, the last part of the report is related to the given scenario. The first part of the report evaluates Apples large(p) structure. After determining the familys jacket structure, the report result evaluate different financial support options for the participations capital investments. The analysis involves the comprise of debt and impartiality. The aim Is to justify the financial support decision for a Eng term.The second part of the report evaluates the performance of Apples works(a) capital management practices. This part relies on the ratio analysis. Current Ratio, Debtors, Creditors and armory days will be calculated over a three years period. The data is ga thered from the Yahoo finance. In order to score the analysis more meanin gful there will be a benchmarking with a main competitor. The last part of the report conducts catnap analysis to find out the best investment option for the given scenario. The travail with the highest NAP is likely to be most beneficial for the company.Subsequently conclusions will be drawn. Reason for Choosing Apple for this study I have a individualised interest in this company as it is seen the most successful company in the world at the moment. I will be equal to(p) to learn from the best practice. Capital Structure and Financing Decision A firms optimal capital structure is the mix of debt and equity that minimizes the weight woo of capital of the firm. When the cost of capital is minimized, the total value of firms partake ins are maximized. As a result the minimum cost capital structure is called as the optimum capital structure. (Moyer et al. 012) jibe to Moles et al. (201 1) managers decide on the optimum capital structure based on the trade-offs between the benefi ts and costs of debt. The fact that there are a number of different benefits and costs associated with the use of debt droopy suggests that managers will balance these different options. Moles et al. (2012) explains that debt dejectionnister be cheaper as debt is slight risky than the equity. In addition, there is a tax advantage with debt financing as interest expenses are generally tax deductible. Another world, the company put ups less(prenominal) tax if they use debt financing.However, a company can go into liquation If It cannot payback Its debts of Interest obligations. jibe to Apples financial statements on Yahoo Finance (2012) over the last three years period (2009, 2010 and 2011 ) the company did not have any long term debt as well as unmindful term debt. While the companys retained earnings increased from $23. 4 meg in 2009 to $37 billion in 2010 and this figure reached to $63 billion in 2011, the company financed its projects through retained profits. The company was sufficient to do this because It had large profits. Apples net profits were $8. Lion, $14 billion and $25. 9 billion In 2009, 2010 and 201 1 respectively. According to the Apples Annual and $1. 3 billion in 2011, 2010 and 2009 respectively. Currently the company is use equity option to finance its capital expenditure. According to BBC (2012) this year the company announced $2. 65 per share quarterly dividends. This is the first dividend payment since 1995. As the company does not pay regular dividends, it is not meaningful to calculate the companys cost of equity using the divided valuation model. However, the market prices of Apple shares increased almost 22% in 2011.Therefore, it can be said that Apples cost of equity is sooner high. In conclusion, authoritatively Apple finances its capital projects through equity financing. With a possible debt financing the company is likely to reduce its cost of capital. This could be a good idea if the companys profit figures start to d ecline. According to the financial statements of the company Apple did not have any dead term or long term loans between 2009 and 2011. Analysis of working capital management Working capital management concerns with organizing a companys short term sources to sustain ongoing activities mobiles funds and optimism liquidity.It further dropped to 1. 61 in 2011. The companys figures can be compared with the Blackberry manufacturer RIM. RIMs current ratios are higher(prenominal) than Apples in 2010 and 2011. RIM 2011 2010 2009 current Ratio 2. 08 2. 06 2. 39 The main agent for the decline in Apples current ratio is decline in debtor and from 2010 to 2011. In the same period, the inventor days decline from 9. 3 days to 4. 4 days. This indicates that the efficiency of the companys working capital management as they were up to(p) to receive the money from debtors faster and to keep fewer inventories.The company excessively was able to keep creditors days high with 135. 5 days. Consequen tly the companys current ratio declined dramatically in recent years. However, this decline should be seen as a positive development as the company has been leaner in recent years. Therefore, the figures above indicate the companys working management practices are successful. Investment Appraisal with NAP method Net present value (NAP) of a project is the sum of the present values of all its cash flows, some(prenominal) outflows and inflows. The rate used to discount the cash flows must be tenacious with the projects risk.Another word, if the project risky then higher discount rates should be used when appraising the investment options. The same company might use different discount rates for its difference projects depending on a rockiness of the project. (Graham and Smart, 2011) According to Graham and Smart (2011) the companies can invest in any projects if the NAP figure is positive as any positive figure will increase the value of the company. The table below demonstrates the NAP calculations for an investment option. Delta opinion is considering buying machinery and there are three different purchase options.The machines can be used for a six-year period. After six year motorcar A and B can be sold with a scraped value. sign cost of each options are as follows El m for form A, CHEEK for machine B and CHEEK for Machine C. According to the initial cost figures the Project C is the best option as it requires less investment. However, there will be no scrapped value for Machine C. With the sea captain figures, it is difficult to make a decision. In this case, NAP method can simplify the investment decisions. The cash inflows are discounted with the companys cost of capital of 15%.